Moodle’s native implementation of in-course polls is handled by the “Choice” activity.
The Choice Activity allows course creators to ask a question, and learners essentially put themselves into groups based on their choice. This can be used for polling:
The results can be downloaded in a variety of formats as shown above:
ODS
XLS
CSV
It doesn’t appear as though results can be made visible to learners, though Moodle’s permissions system generally allows for extreme role customisation. It may be possible to alter this behaviour because of this.
Choice Activities are not entirely designed for polls, and as such have features non-standard to poll tools (such as limiting “spaces”), and lacks some polling-specific functionality - the tool is unfocused.
Plugins
Moodle also has plugins built by the community to support polls - Poll and Live Poll being the top ones. Poll is generally unimpressive, but live poll has some nice live updating graphics: