Studio has a feature called content groups. This can be reached via the settings dropdown in the header. First, authors can create different groups in this page. Creating a group here does not change anything yet.
Second, in the Course Outline, units can be configured to be visible only by certain cohorts by clicking the Gear Icon to reach the modal:
Third, at the instructor panel in the LMS, in the cohorts tab, an instructor can select each cohort and assign a content group to them. Doing so, makes the content that is restricted to this content group available for users in that cohort.
The proposed modification to the platform to achieve “Connecting Teams to Content Groups“ would add a similar capability to the Teams. For this, in the Team edition page below Optional Characteristics there would be a select to associate a content group.
The original panel for comparison:
Technical approach
[needs more detail] technical discovery at https://github.com/openedx/edx-platform/pull/33105